Deep process of the rupture of strong earthquakes and exploration for the impending earthquake prediction
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摘要: 强烈地震震源区和其周边地域的介质，在力源作用下开始破裂，即微破裂，而当其在应力不断积累、逐渐发展并形成具有一定规模的“破裂链”时，即应力集中达到临界状态时，震源介质所积累的巨大能量以波动的形式瞬间释放，并冲出地表发生地震，且在地表产生一系列的破坏和大型断裂.在强烈地震发生后依据设定的初始模型和远、近地震台网记录，通过震源机制解计算，可求得震源介质的破裂长度和破裂过程.事实表明，一系列大地震的“孕育”、发生和发展，由震源深处到地表均呈现出强烈的破裂效应，其破裂长度可由几公里、几十公里、乃至千余公里长.有的地震在发生前确亦存在着破裂响应和迹象.为此，若在地表和深井中能进行破裂效应的观测，以捕捉初始微破裂和其形成“破裂链”的动力过程,这对于短临地震预测可能是一个十分重要的途径.Abstract: The medium around source and its nearby area of strong earthquakes will rupture under the action of force, and it is called micro-rupture. When the micro-rupture develops to a “rupture chain” of a certain length, it will radiate energy and break out of earth surface, so an earthquake occurs and it causes a series of damages and large scale faults. Based on the initial model and the seismic record of far and nearby seismic station net, we can get the rupture length and rupture process of the source medium after a strong earthquake occurred. The facts show that strong rupture effects will occur from the source zone to the earth surface when a series of big earthquakes “pregnancy”, occur and develop, and the rupture length ranges from several kilometers to thousands of kilometers. It is also certain that rupture response exists before some earthquakes. Therefore, if we can do some rupture effect observation on surface and in deep hole, and obtain the dynamic process of the “rupture chain” developing from the micro-rupture, it will be an important method for the impending earthquake prediction.
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Key words:
- Strong earthquake /
- Source medium /
- Micro-rupture /
- Rupture chain /
- Impending earthquake prediction
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