Source characteristics and disaster mechanisms of the 2023 Gansu Jishishan MW6.0 Earthquake
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摘要:
2023年12月18日发生的甘肃积石山MS6.2（MW6.0）地震是一次导致较大伤亡的小规模逆冲型强震（M≥6）事件. 我们在破裂过程快速反演后，开展了地震矩张量和破裂过程联合反演，比较分析了此次地震的发震断层参数；在此基础上，测定了地震的辐射能，确定了较宽频带范围内的震源特征，据此讨论了与震源过程相关的灾害机理. 结果显示，本次地震断层东倾的可能性更大，主要破裂区域位于积石山县与大河家镇之间，空间上与烈度分布显示的极震区位置较为一致. 地震的上盘效应，破裂朝西北及浅处扩展的多普勒效应，以及容易在浅土层中放大的高频地震波辐射，可能是此次地震震害严重的主要震源因素.
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关键词:
- 2023年甘肃积石山MW6.0地震 /
- 断层参数 /
- 破裂过程 /
- 辐射能 /
- 灾害机理
Abstract:The Jishishan MS6.2(MW6.0) Earthquake occurred on December 18th, 2023 in Gansu province was a small-scale thrust strong event (M≥6) that caused significant casualties. After rapid inversion of rupture process, we performed joint inversions of seismic moment tensor and rupture process, and then compared and analyzed the fault parameters of this earthquake. On this basis, we discussed the disaster mechanisms related to the source process by determining the radiated seismic energy, and obtained the source characteristics within a broad frequency band. The results show that the earthquake fault is more likely to dip to the east. The major rupture area is located between Jishishan County and Dahejia Town, spatially consistent with the meizoseismal area indicated by the intensity distributions. The hanging wall effect, the Doppler effect of the rupture extending towards the northwest and shallower areas, and the amplification of high-frequency waves in shallow soil layers are likely the main source factors for the severe earthquake damage.
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图 2
用IDS方法得到的破裂过程快速反演的结果
Figure 2.
Fast inversion results of rupture process obtained with the IDS method
图 3
（a）InSAR T135视线向位移及搜索得到的东倾（红色方框）、西倾（蓝色方框）断层位置，A-B与C-D分别为东倾和西倾断层位置搜索范围；（b）与（a）类似，但展示了InSAR T128视线向位移；（c—e）东倾断层位置、走向和倾角搜索的残差曲线；（f—h）西倾断层位置、走向和倾角搜索的残差曲线
Figure 3.
(a) Line-of-sight displacement of InSAR T135 and the locations of the searched east-dipping (red rectangle) and west-dipping (blue rectangle) faults. A-B and C-D are the searched ranges for the east-dipping and west-dipping fault positions, respectively; (b) Similar to (a), but it shows the Line-of-sight displacement of InSAR T128; (c—e) The searched misfit curves for the location, strike, and dip of the east-dipping fault, respectively; (d—f) The searched misfit curves for the location, strike, and dip of the west-dipping fault, respectively
图 4
基于最佳东倾断层得到联合反演结果
Figure 4.
Joint inversion results based on the optimal east-dipping fault
图 5
(a)平均震源谱. 黑色实线为各台站测得的震源谱平均值，蓝色虚线为使用幂次衰减模型拟合得到的结果，其拐角频率为0.15 Hz，拐角频率以上谱衰减幂指数为1.45. 橙色虚线为给定与蓝色虚线相同的标量地震矩和拐角频率后，二次衰减模型的震源谱；(b)平均能量谱密度. 曲线颜色的类型与(a)相同，曲线下面积为频带内辐射能量
Figure 5.
(a) Average source spectrum. The black solid line represents the average source spectrum measured at each station. The blue dashed line represents the result obtained by fitting with a power-law decay model, with a corner frequency of 0.15 Hz and a spectral decay power law of 1.45 above the corner frequency. The orange dashed line represents the source spectrum of the quadratic decay model, given the same scalar seismic moment and corner frequency as the blue dashed line；(b) Average energy spectral density. The color scheme of the curves is the same as in (a), and the area under the curve represents the radiated energy within the frequency band
图 6
破裂过程联合反演得到的滑动分布在地表的投影与烈度图的比较
Figure 6.
Comparisons between intensity maps and surface projection of fault slips obtained from joint inversion of rupture process
表 1
采用不同断层参数进行破裂过程反演得到的残差
Table 1.
Misfits of rupture process inversions based on different fault parameters
No. Strike/Dip/Rake Joint-Tele Joint-SM Joint-InSAR InSAR-only SM-only Ⅰ 168°/42°/122° 0.217 0.460 0.073 0.060 0.442 Ⅱ 308°/56°/65° 0.218 0.523 0.230 0.184 0.485 Ⅲ 309°/55°/62° 0.218 0.485 0.157 0.134 0.467 Ⅳ 171°/44°/123° 0.312 0.575 0.348 0.289 0.535 Ⅴ 169°/37°/122° 0.245 0.466 0.070 0.058 0.446 Ⅵ 309°/52°/62° 0.181 0.430 0.067 0.060 0.422 Ⅶ 164°/46°/122° − − − − 0.368 Ⅷ 303°/52°/62° − − − − 0.406 
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表 2
积石山地震主要震源参数
Table 2.
Major source parameters of the Jishishan Earthquake
宏观震源参数 测定值 地震矩 (M0) 1.37×1018 Nm 矩震级 (MW) 6.02 持续时间 (T) 10 s 方向性校正因子 (Crup) 0.82 拐角频率 (fc) 0.15 Hz 谱衰减指数 (n) 1.45 辐射能 (ER) 7.95×1012 J 能量震级 (Me) 5.70 能矩比 7.05×10−6 辐射能增强因子 17.08
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