Jurassic remagnetization in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block and its tectonic implications
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摘要:
造山过程通常伴随着重磁化的广泛发生，因而造山带的重磁化研究有助于厘定其构造定型的时间. 为了确定扬子地块西北缘逆冲推覆构造的定型时间，本文对大巴山弧形逆冲带西北端的西乡地区和龙门山逆冲带北段的宁强至广元地区成冰纪—寒武纪多个岩石单元开展了古地磁学、岩石磁学和岩相学研究，揭示出广泛的侏罗纪重磁化作用. 样品的退磁特征、岩石磁学和扫描电镜观察结果显示，该重磁化分量为化学剩磁，载磁矿物为自生磁铁矿和赤铁矿，其形成与造山作用引发的流体迁移有关. 结合研究区已发表的侏罗纪重磁化数据，大巴山弧形逆冲带和西乡—宁强地区记录了一致的侏罗纪重磁化方向，表明这一带逆冲构造格架的形成不晚于侏罗纪，而广元地区青林乡和陈家坝剖面的重磁化方向相对发生了～60°的逆时针旋转，表明该地区逆冲构造格架的形成晚于侏罗纪，但该区灌县—安县断层以东的近四川盆地区域未受影响，没有发生旋转.
Abstract:The study of remagnetization in orogenic zones is conducive to determine the timing of their formation, since the orogenesis is usually accompanied by ubiquitous remagnetization. To constrain the age of the thrust framework of the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, an integrated paleomagnetic, rock magnetic and petrographic study has been carried out on the Cryogenian-Cambrian strata, including the Xixiang area to the northwest of the Dabashan thrust belt and the Ningqiang-Guangyuan area in the northern part of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Extensive Jurassic remagnetization is revealed. Demagnetization characteristics, rock magnetic results and scanning electron microscopy observations of these rock units suggested a chemical remagnetization carried by authigenic magnetite and hematite, whose growth was related to fluid migration resulting from the Jurassic orogenesis. Together with the published Jurassic remagnetization data of the studied area, the consistent Jurassic remagnetization direction was discovered from the Dabashan thrust belt and the Xixiang-Ningqiang area and this implied that the thrust framework formed no later than Jurassic. Whereas, the remagnetization component of the Guangyuan area of the northern part of the Longmenshan thrust belt anticlockwise rotated ～60° relatively and this suggested that the thrust framework formed after Jurassic. But the area close to the Sichuan basin in the Guangyuan area east to the Guanxian-Anxian fault was not affected, with no obvious rotation being observed.
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图 1
研究区地质简图和采样剖面
Figure 1.
Simplified geological map of the studied area and the sampling sections
图 2
研究区地层柱状图和古地磁采样点
Figure 2.
Stratigraphic columns of the studied area and the paleomagnetic sampling sites
图 4
长河坝剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组典型样品的退磁结果及低温分量和单分量的等面积投影图
Figure 4.
Typical demagnetization trajectories and equal area projections of the low-temperature components (LTCs) and single components of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation from the Changheba section
图 5
高家山剖面寒武系郭家坝组典型样品的退磁结果和单分量的等面积投影图
Figure 5.
Typical demagnetization trajectories and equal area projections of the single components of the Cambrian Guojiaba Formation from the Gaojiashan section
图 6
青林乡剖面成冰系南沱组典型样品的退磁结果和低温分量的等面积投影图
Figure 6.
Typical demagnetization trajectories and equal area projections of the LTCs of the Cryogenian Nantuo Formation from the Qinglinxiang section
图 7
陈家坝剖面寒武系邱家河组典型样品的退磁结果和低温分量等面积投影图
Figure 7.
Typical demagnetization trajectories and equal area projections of the LTCs of the Cambrian Qiujiahe Formation from the Chenjiaba section
图 9
代表性样品的背散射图、二次电子图及点和面扫描能谱分析结果
Figure 9.
Back-scattered electron images, a secondary electron image, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum and area scanning results of representative samples
图 10
样品低温分量、单分量的逐步展平褶皱检验
Figure 10.
Results of step-wise unfolding test of the in-situ LTCs/single components
图 12
(a)华南板块成冰纪以来的已有古地磁极(黑色方框)及视极移曲线(深灰线)和重磁化磁极(彩色方框)；(b)华南板块早、中侏罗世古地磁极和重磁化磁极及其拟合的小圆弧
Figure 12.
(a) All paleomagnetic poles (black square) and the apparent polar wander path (APWP) (dark gray line) of the South China Block (SCB) since the Cryogenian and the remagnetized poles (colorful square); (b) Early and Middle Jurassic paleomagnetic poles and the remagnetized poles of the SCB, with the fitting small circle
表 1
长河坝剖面和高家山剖面的低温分量和单分量统计结果
Table 1.
Statistics of the LTCs and single components of the Changheba and Gaojiashan sections
采点 S/D N/n 地理坐标系 层面坐标系 D I κ α95 Plat (°N) Plon (°E) dp/dm A95 (°) D I κ α95 Plat (°N) Plon (°E) dp/dm A95 (°) 长河坝剖面 CHB01 51/57 13 27.6 48.7 76.1 4.8 66.3 198.5 4.2/6.3 89.8 39.0 76.1 4.8 11.9 179.3 3.4/5.7 CHB02 43/53 6 32.3 54.9 224.9 4.5 63.3 183.5 4.5/6.4 89.2 35.3 224.9 4.5 11.1 181.8 3.0/5.2 CHB03 51/51 13 31.4 50.9 119.8 3.8 63.5 192.2 3.5/5.1 89.3 40.7 119.8 3.8 12.9 178.5 2.8/4.6 CHB04 46/55 6 13.1 47.0 50.2 9.5 77.8 217.2 7.9/12.3 80.0 46.3 50.2 9.5 22.4 178.7 7.8/12.2 CHB05 74/50 15 40.1 42.9 22.2 8.3 54.2 200.3 6.4/10.3 92.4 43.5 22.9 8.2 11.6 175.1 6.4/10.2 CHB06 66/51 10 37.2 49.1 51.8 6.8 58.3 193.1 5.9/9.0 92.9 45.2 28.7 9.2 11.9 173.7 7.4/11.7 样品水平的平均 64 32.1 48.8 40.1 2.8 62.5 195.9 2.4/3.7 90.2 41.9 41.4 2.8 12.7 177.3 2.1/3.4 采点水平的平均 6 30.3 49.3 116.3 6.2 64.1 195.7 7.5 89.0 41.7 230.8 4.4 13.6 177.8 4.3 高家山剖面 NQ01 256/71 13 23.0 47.9 102.5 4.1 69.9 201.8 3.5/5.4 10.7 −15.3 102.5 4.1 48.0 270.5 2.2/4.2 NQ02 257/79 16 28.9 48.5 90.5 3.9 65.1 196.8 3.4/5.1 15.1 −19.9 90.5 3.9 44.4 265.5 2.1/4.1 NQ03 257/79 12 26.0 48.7 134.1 3.8 67.6 198.1 3.3/5.0 13.5 −21.1 134.1 3.8 44.2 267.8 2.1/4.0 样品水平的平均 41 26.2 48.4 104.6 2.2 67.4 198.6 1.9/2.9 13.2 −18.8 95.3 2.3 45.5 267.8 1.2/2.4 采点水平的平均 3 26.0 48.4 1631.0 3.1 67.5 198.7 3.9 13.1 −18.8 474.0 5.7 47.7 272.9 0.0 长河坝和高家山剖面
采点水平的平均9 65.3 196.6 4.8 注：S/D为采样地层的走向/倾角；N/n为参加方向平均的采点数/样品数；D为磁偏角；I为磁倾角；κ为Fisher统计精度参数；α95为95％置信圆锥半顶角大小；Plat/Plon为古地磁极纬度/经度；A95为古地磁极95%置信圆半径；dp/dm为古地磁极置信椭圆半短轴/半长轴. 
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表 2
青林乡剖面和陈家坝剖面的低温分量统计结果
Table 2.
Statistics of the LTCs of the Qinglinxiang and Chenjiaba sections
采点 S/D N/n 地理坐标系 层面坐标系 D I κ α95 Plat (°N) Plon (°E) dp/dm A95 (°) D I κ α95 Plat (°N) Plon (°E) dp/dm A95 (°) 青林乡剖面 GY01—03 * 12 331.1 48.0 19.3 10.1 65.0 15.3 8.6/13.2 321.8 34.9 13.5 12.2 53.3 3.9 8.1/14.0 GY04 187/27 13 342.5 57.4 19.7 9.6 74.8 41.1 10.3/14.0 315.0 38.0 12.8 12.0 48.7 11.6 8.4/14.2 样品水平的平均 25 336.4 53.0 18.4 6.9 70.3 24.7 6.6/9.6 318.8 36.5 13.5 8.2 51.4 7.7 5.6/9.6 陈家坝剖面 GY13 244/46 16 339.1 43.9 33.1 6.5 70.5 0.2 5.1/8.1 337.7 -2.0 33.1 6.5 50.3 322.2 3.3/6.5 青林乡和陈家坝剖面
采点水平的平均3 70.8 16.9 12.3 注：*, 采点GY01为192/13，GY02为219/18，GY03为135/49；其他参数说明同表1.
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表 3
扬子地块西北缘重磁化磁极和华南板块成冰纪以来的已有古地磁极
Table 3.
Remagnetized poles of the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block and the paleomagnetic poles of the SCB since the Cryogenian
磁极 岩石单元 Plat (°N) Plong (°E) dp/dm A95 (°) 数据来源 CHB 埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组 62.5 195.9 2.4/3.7 本研究 GJS 寒武系郭家坝组 67.4 198.6 1.9/2.9 本研究 QLX 成冰系南沱组 70.3 24.7 6.6/9.6 本研究 CJB 寒武系邱家河组 70.5 0.2 5.1/8.1 本研究 DBS — 70.8 193.2 2.9 Zhang et al., 2020 Cz* 新生代 87.5 315.6 5.9 黄宝春等，2008 K2* 晚白垩世 75.5 205.3 4.5 黄宝春等，2008 K1* 早白垩世 79.0 208.3 5.9 黄宝春等，2008 J3* 晚侏罗世 71.0 215.1 6.7 黄宝春等，2008 J2* 中侏罗世 65.0 186.2 15.0 Enkin et al., 1992 J1* 早侏罗世 65.5 190.9 5.3 Zhao et al., 1996 T3* 晚三叠世 51.4 187.2 8.5 Wu et al., 1998 T2* 中三叠世 34.7 209.4 9.1 黄宝春等，2008 T1* 早三叠世 45.0 216.8 3.9 黄宝春等，2008 P2* 晚二叠世 53.4 247.7 4.0 黄宝春等，2008 P1 早二叠世 65.3 265.2 4.2/8.1 Wu et al., 1998 C1 早石炭世 47.5 229.1 4.8/9.6 张世红等，2001 D3 晚泥盆世 45.4 234.1 3.3/6.6 张世红等，2001 D2 中泥盆世 33.6 236.4 3 Xian et al., 2019 D1-2 早—中泥盆世 36.1 231.4 6.5/12.5 张世红等，2001 S2-3* 中—晚志留世 10.3 195.8 3.3 Opdyke et al., 1987; Huang et al., 2000 O3 晚奥陶世 -45.8 191.3 3.2 Han et al., 2015 O2-3 中—晚奥陶世 -29.5 227.1 6.3 Zhang et al., 2012 Cam2* 中寒武世 -47.6 174.5 5.2 Bai et al., 1998; Yang et al., 2004 Cam1* 早寒武世 5.3 192.7 15 Lin et al., 1985 DS3 陡山沱组三段 23.9 187.0 1.8/3.0 Zhang et al., 2015 NT* 南沱组 7.5 161.6 5.9 Zhang et al., 2013; Zhang and Piper, 1997 注：本研究获得的磁极和Zhang等(2020)的侏罗纪重磁化磁极均为地理坐标系下的VGP；CHB、GJS、QLX和CJB分别为长河坝、高家山、青林乡和陈家坝剖面的低温分量和单分量平均方向对应VGP；DBS为Zhang等(2020)中所有采点的采点水平的平均VGP；*为平均极.
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