Vertical variations of a neutral 'tongue' during the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm on April 20, 2020
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摘要:
在发生于2020年4月20日的地磁暴恢复相阶段, GOLD(Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk)成像仪在第112天(day of year, DOY 112)中低纬地区观测到氧原子(O)和氮气分子(N2)的柱密度比(ΣO/N2)的舌状中性结构(TON).TON结构一般指发生于中高纬且形成于两个ΣO/N2暴时衰减结构之间的ΣO/N2增强结构.热层-电离层电动力学大气环流模式(Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model, TIEGCM)定性地模拟再现了在本次磁暴恢复相期间观测到的ΣO/N2增强结构, 并且发现这个结构在前一天(DOY 111)当地下午形成, 通过中性风的输运被逐渐耗散.模拟结果呈现了不同高度O/N2的TON结构的垂直变化, 其强度和纬度范围有明显的高度依赖性, 并且随磁暴演化不断变化.诊断分析表明: 下沉流(downwelling)驱动的垂直输运首先导致较低纬(约30°N—70°N)O/N2的增强, 然后通过极向风驱动的水平输运将其向更高纬地区输运.在中低热层(约120~300 km高度), 主导O/N2的TON结构演化的中低纬极向风主要是由气压梯度力导致的, 同时科里奥利力对极向风也有一定的正贡献.而在约300 km高度以上的高热层, 极向风主要由气压梯度力和与其作用相反的垂直黏性力两项控制.
Abstract:A 'tongue' of neutral composition (TON) in O and N2 column density ratio (ΣO/N2) at middle-low latitudes was observed by the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) on DOY (day of year) 112 during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storm on April, 20 2020. The TON was an area of positive ∑O/N2 variations sandwiched by two regions of negative ∑O/N2 variations. Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) qualitatively reproduced the GOLD observed ∑O/N2 enhancement during the storm recovery phase, and indicated that it was transported from local afternoon of the previous day (DOY 111). The simulations presented the vertical variations of the TON, and the magnitude and latitude range of the structure have a significant altitude dependency. The diagnostic analysis showed that the downwelling first resulted in the O/N2 enhancement at the lower latitudes of ~30°N—70°N. Then the O/N2 enhancement was transported to higher latitudes by the horizontal advection driven by poleward winds. At middle-low thermosphere (~120 to 300 km), the poleward winds at middle-low latitudes that dominated the evolution of the TON structure were primarily caused by the pressure gradient force. The Coriolis force also contributed positively a little to the poleward winds. At higher thermosphere of above ~300 km, the momentum forcing of the poleward winds was determined by the pressure gradient and the vertical viscosity force with opposite directions.
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Key words:
- Tongue of neutral composition /
- O/N2 /
- Storm /
- Poleward wind
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图 1
(a) AE(黑线)指数和F10.7p(蓝线)指数从2020年DOY 110到DOY 112期间的变化; (b) Dst(蓝线，蓝色虚线为Dst零值)指数和3小时Kp(黑线) 指数变化; (c) IMF By(黑线)和Bz(蓝线)变化，黑色虚线是By和Bz的零值
Figure 1.
(a) The variations of Auroral electrojet (AE) (black line) and F10.7p (blue line) indices from DOY 110 to DOY 112 in 2020; (b) The second panel is hourly Dst (blue line, blue dashed line is the zero value of Dst index) and the 3-h Kp (black line) and indices; (c) The By (black line) and Bz (blue line). The black dashed line is the zero value of By and Bz
图 2
GOLD观测(左)和TIEGCM模拟(右)的ΣO/N2的DOY112和DOY110的暴时百分比变化在特定世界时的经纬度分布z=-1.5压力面上的水平风用黑色箭头呈现在TIEGCM模拟结果上，黑色虚线表示GOLD的观测范围.
Figure 2.
Longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of the storm-quiet time percentage changes of ΣO/N2 at selected UTs between DOY 112 and 110 in GOLD observations (left) and TIEGCM simulations (right) The horizontal windson the z=-1.5 pressure level are overlaid on the panels of TIEGCM simulations. The black dotted lines indicate the GOLD FOV.
图 3
北半球从DOY 111的13 UT到DOY 112的11 UT的ΣO/N2暴时百分比变化的极区图
Figure 3.
Polar view of the storm-quiet time percentage changes of ΣO/N2 in the NH from TIEGCM simulations at selected UTs on DOY 111 and DOY 112
图 4
从DOY 111的13 UT到18 UT TIEGCM模拟的经度为51°E的O/N2暴时百分比变化的纬度-压力面分布结果，中性风叠加在成分变化上
Figure 4.
Latitude-pressure surface distributions of the storm-quiet time percentage changes in O/N2 at the longitude of 51°E from TIEGCM simulations at selected UTs on DOY 111. The neutral winds are overlaid on the panels
图 5
O的总的时间变化率∂Ψo/∂t，垂直输运，水平输运，分子扩散的暴时变化在51°E处的纬度-压力面分布，对应世界时为DOY 111的14 UT，16 UT，18 UT
Figure 5.
Latitude-pressure surface distributions of the storm-quiet changes in the total time rate of change of O (∂Ψo/∂t), horizontal advection, vertical advection and molecular diffusion at the longitude of 51°E from TIEGCM simulations at 14 UT, 16 UT, 18 UT on DOY 111
图 7
DOY 111的15.5 UT在z=-1.5(约160 km高度)压力面上ΣO/N2中暴时百分比变化，以及当天的Vn(子午风速)，Vn的总时间变化率(∂Vn/∂t)，科氏力，离子阻力，水平动量输运，压力梯度力和离心力的经纬度分布
Figure 7.
Longitudinal and latitudinal distributionof the storm-quiet percentage changes in ΣO/N2, and the day′s Vn (meridional wind speed), the total time rate of change of Vn (∂Vn/∂t), Coriolis force, ion drag force, horizontal momentum advection, pressure gradient force and centrifugal force of Vn at 15.5 UT on DOY 111 on the z=-1.5 (~160 km) pressure surface
图 8
DOY 111的15.5 UT在51°E经度ΣO/N2中暴时百分比变化，以及当天的Vn(子午风速)，Vn的总时间变化率(∂Vn/∂t)，垂直黏度，科里奥利力，离子阻力，水平动量平流，离心力和压力梯度力的纬度-压力面分布
Figure 8.
Latitude-pressure surface distributions of the storm-quiet percentage changes in ΣO/N2, and the day′s Vn (zonal/meridional wind speed), the total time rate of change of Vn (∂Vn/∂t), vertical viscosity, Coriolis force, ion drag force, horizontal momentum advection, centrifugal force and pressure gradient force of Vn at 14 UT on DOY 111 at the longitude of 51°E
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