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摘要:
大别—苏鲁造山带是我国东部重要的碰撞造山带，精细的岩石圈三维速度结构有助于更好地认识这里的构造演化和地球动力学过程. 本文收集了大别—苏鲁造山带及其周缘各区域地震台网2008—2021年间记录的天然地震走时资料，其中添加了江苏、安徽、河南三省103个自建台站的观测资料. 结合区域内8~70 s瑞雷面波频散数据，采用体波面波联合反演方法获得了水平方向上0.5°×0.5°网格的Vp、Vs模型，并进行了地震重新定位. 研究表明：(1)大别和苏鲁造山带的壳内速度分布具有上凸下凹的相似结构，中地壳同时存在高、低速异常，但苏鲁造山带的岩石圈厚度相对更薄. (2)襄樊—广济断裂南侧、晓天—磨子潭断裂以及嘉山—响水断裂下方出现岩石圈地幔缺口，可能与岩石圈拆沉有关，推测中地壳高速体可能是热物质通过岩石圈薄弱位置上涌后在壳内冷却形成的结晶物. (3)大别山和苏鲁地体早期可能是同生构造，受扬子板块俯冲、郯庐断裂带的走滑活动以及古太平洋板块俯冲等因素控制，造成现今岩石圈深部结构的差异. (4)研究区内的主要地质体表现出各自不同的地震活动性，地震分布总体呈现出北多南少的特征，且地震主要发生在高、低速过渡带或高速异常区域. 郯庐断裂带中段郯城下方的地震在纵向上呈高角度条带状展布，最大震源深度接近25 km，表明断裂面在深部可能存在高倾角发育.
Abstract:Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt is an important collisional mountain belt in eastern China. Detailed lithospheric velocity model is essential for better comprehension of the tectonic evolution and geodynamic processes in this region. The earthquake catalog data recorded by the China Digital Seismic Network from 2008 to 2021 are collected in this study, including the waveform data of 103 self-managed stations in Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan provinces. We also assembled the Rayleigh surface wave dispersion data for the period of 8~70 s in this area, and the joint inversion method of body wave and surface wave data is employed to determine the Vp and Vs models with horizontal grid intervals of 0.5°×0.5°. Additionally, the earthquakes were relocated by joint inversion. This research obtained the following results: (1) The crustal velocity models in Dabie and Sulu orogenic belts exhibit a similar pattern of convex upwards and concave downwards. Both high and low-velocity anomalies exist in the middle crust, but the lithosphere thickness of the Sulu orogen is relatively thinner. (2) The lithospheric mantle gaps on the south side of the Xiangfan-Guangji fault, the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault and the Jiashan-Xiangshui fault are likely related to the lithosphere delamination. We suggest that the high-velocity anomalies in the middle crust probably are the products of crystallization of upwelling mantle materials through the lithosphere weak zones. (3) The Dabie Mountain and the Sulu terrane may have shared a common tectonic origin, yet the differences in their current lithospheric mantle could result from the subduction of the Yangtze plate, the strike-slip motion of the Tan-Lu fault zone, and the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. (4) Main geological bodies show distinct seismic activities, with a general trend of higher seismicity in the north than in the south, and earthquakes mainly occur in the transition zone between high and low velocities or in high velocity anomaly areas. The earthquakes beneath Tancheng in the central segment of Tan-Lu fault zone are distributed in high-angle stripes, with maximum hypocenteral depth around 25 km, indicating that the fault may have high dip angle in the deep part.
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图 1
(a)研究区域地形地貌和台站分布图，蓝色三角表示由中国地震局建设的台站，红色三角表示由各省、市地震局建设的台站，紫色框为图1b所示的区域；(b)地质构造简图
Figure 1.
(a) Topography and distribution of seismic stations in the study area. The blue triangles represent the stations operated by the China Earthquake Administration, the red triangles represent the stations constructed by the provincial and municipal Earthquake Agencies. The purple box is the region shown in Fig.1b; (b) Simplified geological map
图 2
(a)地震射线路径(黑色线)、台站(红色三角)及地震(蓝色实心圆)分布图，其中，下方和右侧子图表示射线路径在深度方向的示意图；数据补充前(b)、后(c)大别山附近的射线覆盖图；(d) P、S波时距曲线，红色表示P波，灰色表示S波
Figure 2.
(a) Distribution of ray paths (black lines), stations (red triangles) and earthquakes (blue solid circles). The lower and right subplots represent ray paths in the depth direction; The distribution of ray paths around Dabie Mountain with (b) and without (c) the supplementary earthquake data; (d) Time-distance curves for P-wave (red) and S-wave (gray).
图 3
选择最优的面波数据权重(a)和阻尼因子(b)的L-curve曲线
Figure 3.
The L-curves for selecting the optimal surface wave data weight (a) and damping factor (b)
图 4
P波(a)、S波(b)走时残差直方图
Figure 4.
Histograms of arrival time residuals for P-wave (a) and S-wave (b)
图 5
不同深度Vp、Vs棋盘格测试图
Figure 5.
Resolved checkerboard patterns for Vp and Vs at different depths
图 6
不同深度上Vp(a)和 Vs(b)的速度切片
Figure 6.
Velocity slices of Vp (a) and Vs (b) at different depths
图 7
速度模型沿不同测线的纵剖面图
Figure 7.
Vertical sections of velocity models along different survey lines
图 8
初始模型USTClitho2.0沿测线DD'的纵剖面
Figure 8.
Vertical cross section along the profile DD' of the initial model USTClitho2.0
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