Broadband ground motion spectral element simulation based on GP14.3 kinematic hybrid source model and SPECFEM 3D
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摘要:
基于确定性物理模型的全过程地震动模拟是现代地震工程的重要发展方向.然而受限于合理震源模型和计算资源需求，目前模拟的有效频率还多处于低频范围，难以满足工程结构敏感频带（5~10 Hz或更高）需求.本文即借助运动学混合震源模型能激发宽频地震波和谱元法空间高精度及计算收敛快的优势，首先将确定性的凹凸体震源模型与GP14.3随机震源模型结合得到有限断层运动学混合震源模型，进而将上述混合震源模型开发到SPECFEM 3D谱元法开源代码中，实现了基于谱元法和运动学混合震源模型的全过程宽频带地震动模拟.将方法首先应用于一维波速结构模型0~10 Hz地震动模拟，通过与频率波数域（FK）方法结果进行比较，验证了方法的精度；进而应用于2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震0.1~5 Hz地震动模拟，通过与4个台站的时程记录和相应反应谱的比较，以及与NGA-West2地震动衰减方程在频率0.1~5 Hz的反应谱的比较，检验了方法的适用性；最后给出了漾濞地区的地震动峰值加速度（PGA）和峰值速度（PGV）云图，分析了漾濞地震下近场强地面运动的空间分布特征.结果显示，震中PGA接近400 cm·s-2，PGV达到45 cm·s-1，烈度达到Ⅸ度，且受局部地形起伏影响，大理以及洱海西侧位置出现高烈度异常区.
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关键词:
- 宽频地震动 /
- 运动学混合震源模型 /
- 确定性物理模型地震动模拟 /
- 谱元法
Abstract:The overall process ground motion simulation based on deterministic physical model is an important development direction of modern earthquake engineering. However, due to the limitations of appropriate fault source model and computing resource requirements, the effective frequency of simulation is mostly in the low frequency range, which is difficult to meet the needs of engineering structure sensitive frequency band (5~10 Hz or higher). In this paper, with the combination of kinematic hybrid source model can stimulate the broadband seismic wave and the spectral element method has the advantages of high spatial accuracy and fast convergence, the deterministic asperity source model is combined with GP14.3 stochastic source model to obtain the finite fault kinematic hybrid source model, and then the hybrid source model is developed into SPECFEM 3D code. The overall process broadband ground motion simulation based on spectral element method and kinematic hybrid source model is realized. Firstly, the work is applied to 0~10 Hz ground motion simulation of one-dimensional wave velocity structure model. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing with the frequency wave-number domain (FK) method proposed by the authors. Then, the Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake in Yunnan province on May 21, 2021 is simulated with 0.1~5 Hz ground motion. The applicability of the method is verified by comparing with the time-history and response spectrum recorded by four stations and compared with the response spectrum of the NGA-West2 ground motion attenuation equation at frequencies of 0.1~5 Hz. Finally, the Yangbi area is simulated with peak acceleration and velocity distribution and the spatial distribution characteristics of near field intensity ground motion under the Yangbi earthquake are analyzed. The results show that the peak acceleration and peak velocity of the epicentral extreme earthquake area are closed to 400 cm·s-2 and 45 cm·s-1, the maximum intensity of the extreme earthquake area could reach Ⅸ and affected by local topographic fluctuations. Dali and the west side of Erhai Lake appeared high intensity anomaly area.
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图 1
基于SPECFEM 3D混合运动学震源建模流程图
Figure 1.
Flow chart of hybrid kinematic source based on SPECFEM 3D
图 2
均匀(a)和多层(b)一维波速结构模型
Figure 2.
Homogeneous (a) and multi-layer (b) 1D wave velocity structure models
图 3
均匀(a)和多层(b)一维波速结构模型对应的混合运动学震源
Figure 3.
Homogeneous (a) and muti-layer (b) hybrid kinematic source model
图 5
P1(a)和P2(b)均匀一维波速结构模型计算结果
Figure 5.
Calculation results of P1 (a) and P2 (b) homogeneous 1D wave velocity structure models
图 6
P1(a)和P2(b)多层一维波速结构模型计算结果
Figure 6.
Calculation results of P1 (a) and P2 (b) multilayer 1D wave velocity structure models
图 9
模拟与(YBX\\DLY\\YPX\\BTH)台站记录的加速度时程和反应谱(Sa)对比
Figure 9.
The simulation is compared with acceleration time histories and reaction spectra (Sa) recorded at (YBX\\DLY\\YPX\\BTH) stations
图 10
不同周期下模拟的加速度反应谱RotD50结果和GMPE曲线对比结果
Figure 10.
The results of simulated acceleration response spectrum RotD50 are compared
表 1
断层全局震源参数
Table 1.
Fault global source parameters
震源参数 参数值 震源参数 参数值 走向(°) 45 断层面长度(km) 10 倾角(°) 90 断层面宽度(km) 10 滑动角(°) 100 子源划分尺寸(km) 1 断层顶面埋深(基岩) 0 断层顶面埋深(多层) 5 沿倾向的破裂起始点
(km)5 沿走向的破裂起始点
(km)5 
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表 2
断层局部震源参数
Table 2.
Fault local source parameters
局部参数 单位 公式 参数值 单
凹
凸
体面积Sm km2 lgSm=lgS-0.66 15.75 平均错动量Dm cm lgDm=lgD+0.26 164.5 长度Lm km lgLm=lgL-0.2 3.5 宽度Wm km lgWm=lgW-0.39 4.5 沿走向中心Xm km lgXm=lgL-0.34 5 沿倾向中心Ym km lgYm=lgW-0.25 4.5 注：S、D、L、W分别为震源破裂面的面积、长度、平均错动量.
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表 3
漾濞地区速度结构参数
Table 3.
Velocity structure parameters of Yangbi area
深度/km VP/(km·s-1) VS/(km·s-1) ρ/(kg·m-3) Q -2 4.30 2.10 2320 168 -4 4.70 2.52 2400 200 -10 5.31 3.20 2650 500 -15 5.70 3.35 2700 1000 -20 5.92 3.43 2760 2000 -25 6.49 3.60 2920 9999 -30 7.10 4.03 3050 9999
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表 4
漾濞地震断层全局震源参数
Table 4.
Global source parameters of the Yangbi earthquake fault
震源参数 参数值 震源参数 参数值 走向(°) 135 断层面长度(km) 15 倾角(°) 82 断层面宽度(km) 15 滑动角(°) 165 断层顶面深度(km) 3
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表 5
漾濞地震断层局部震源参数
Table 5.
Local source parameters of the Yangbi earthquake fault
局部参数 单位 定标律 参数值 单
凹
凸
体面积Sm km2 lgSm=lgS-0.66 48 平均错动量Dm cm lgDm=lgD+0.26 102 长度Lm km lgLm=lgL-0.26 8 宽度Wm km lgWm=lgW-0.39 6 沿走向中心Xm km lgXm=lgL-0.34 7 沿倾向中心Ym km lgYm=lgW-0.25 9
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