The fine upper crustal structure below the Qin-Hang and Wuyishan metallogenic belts revealed by double beamforming ambient noise tomography
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摘要:
华南地区是全球重要的钨锡等多金属矿集区之一，是我国东部中生代成矿最具代表性区域.然而该区主要成矿带的矿床类型和成矿特征却存在一定差异.为了加深对区域成矿背景的认识和厘清控制成矿差异的因素，我们基于主动源和被动源联合探测“万载—永春”剖面所记录的环境噪声数据，开展了双聚束噪声成像，获得了剖面下方的S波速度结构.主要认识如下：(1)S波速度模型异常特征刻画了研究区域内不同类型的断裂及其深部展布形态和速度特征.钦杭成矿带内的江山—绍兴断裂具有逆冲性质，西北倾向，深切地壳，控制中生代斑岩岩浆系统；武夷山成矿带内的走滑断裂几乎均以高角度切穿上地壳，与其相伴发育的铲式断层控制了大量的走滑拉分盆地和火山断陷盆地的发育.(2)剖面下方的速度结构在横向上具有强烈的速度异常变化，且武夷山成矿带内的平均S波速度略高于钦杭成矿带，反映了武夷山成矿带上地壳以壳源花岗岩和酸性火山岩为主体，而钦杭成矿带上地壳以巨厚的元古宙变质火山-沉积岩系为特征.(3)综合证据表明，中下地壳物质组成差异是导致两个成矿带具有不同成矿金属组合的根本原因.在钦杭成矿带，尽管浅部地壳平均S波速度低，但下地壳高速异常显著，反映其下部地壳偏镁铁质；武夷山成矿带浅部地壳平均S波速度高，但下地壳相对低速，反映下部地壳为偏长英质古老地壳.
Abstract:The South China region, as one of the significant Wu-Sn polymetallic metallogenic provinces in the world, is the most representative area in Mesozoic mineralization in eastern China. However, there are some differences in type and origin of the mineral deposits among the major metallogenic belts in this province. To better understand the regional metallogenic setting and determine the factors controlling the metallogenic differences, using the seismic ambient noise data recorded by "Wanzai-Yongchun" joint active- and passive-sourced seismic experiment, we performed the double beamforming ambient noise tomography and resolved the S-wave velocity model beneath the survey profile. Combined the available results, we draw the following conclusions: (1) The upper crustal S-wave model maps the known faults with different types and depth extent based on different seismic velocity features. The Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault in the Qin-Hang belt, with the nature of reverse thrust, dipping north-west and running through the crust, had controlled the porphyry magma system in Mesozoic. The strike-slip faults in the Wuyishan belt, almost running through the upper crust with a dip angle, as well as with the neighboring listric faults, have controlled the occurrence and development of the strike slip pull apart basins and volcano graben basins. (2) There are strong lateral S-wave velocity variations across the survey profile, and the bulk S-wave velocity in the Wuyishan belt is slightly higher than that of the Qin-Hang belt, reflecting that the upper crustal compositional structure in the Qin-Hang belt is mainly crust-source granites and acid volcanic rocks, whereas the Wuyishan belt is composed of huge thick Proterozoic metamorphic volcanic-sedimentary rocks. (3) Comprehensive analysis confirms that the differences in middle-lower crustal compositional structure are the essential factors contributing the different types and origin of the mineral deposits between the Qin-Hang and Wuyishan metallogenic belts. Although the shallow bulk S-wave velocity in the Wuyishan belt is slightly higher than that of the Qin-Hang belt, the high-velocity anomalies exist significantly in the lower crust in the Qin-Hang belt, which implies that its lower crust possesses more mafic components; the lower crust of the Wuyishan belt exhibits a relatively low seismic velocity, which reflects the nature of paleo-felsic ancient crust.
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图 2
按台站间距排列的噪声互相关函数及对噪声互相关波形的时频分析
Figure 2.
Noise cross-correlations against inter distance and the time-frequency analysis of the noise cross-correlation waveform
图 8
(a) 2D相速度剖面; (b) 2D测量误差剖面
Figure 8.
(a) 2D phase velocity cross-section. (b) 2D cross-section of the measuring uncertainties
图 9
(a) 用于S波反演的2D相速度频散剖面；(b) 测量误差剖面
Figure 9.
(a) 2D phase velocity cross-section used for S-wave inversion. (b) The cross-section of the measuring uncertainties
图 11
“万载—永春”剖面上地壳速度结构
Figure 11.
The upper crustal seismic velocity structure beneath the "Wanzai-Yongchun" survey profile
表 1
叠加波形信噪比统计
Table 1.
SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) statistics of the stacked waveforms
周期(s) Q1 Q2 Q3 平均值 最小值 阈值 1.0 17.70 20.86 24.11 21.73 10.73 20 1.5 21.66 24.67 28.46 25.04 11.82 2.0 22.76 26.4 29.65 26.7 13.12 2.5 23.67 26.75 29.64 27.22 15.92 3.0 24.17 26.72 29.09 27.35 17.94 3.5 24.35 26.49 28.58 27.40 17.93 4.0 24.12 26.03 27.96 27.19 18.08 4.5 23.57 25.34 27.15 26.62 17.98 5.0 22.86 24.47 26.21 25.94 18.32 5.5 22.00 23.47 25.16 25.14 18.12 6.0 21.02 22.34 23.9 24.14 17.18 6.5 19.88 20.99 22.4 22.84 15.79 7.0 18.34 19.50 20.73 21.28 14.38 注：Q1, Q2和Q3分别代表第一四分位数，第二四分位数(中位数)和第三四分位数.
Note：Q1, Q2 and Q3 represent the first quartile, second quartile (median) and third quartile, respectively.
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