Features of topside ionospheric background over China and its adjacent areas obtained by the ZH-1 satellite
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摘要:
利用ZH-1（CSES）卫星LAP载荷原位电子密度数据对中国及邻区（0°-54°N，70°-140°E）的顶部电离层背景分布及随季节变化进行了详细分析，研究结果显示：（1）研究区赤道异常的纬度延伸范围、随经度分布形态及它们的季节变化，具有与其他研究结果一致的规律性.（2）中纬度区，白天电子密度存在一个低值带，夜间电子密度呈现高值带.昼夜对比结果显示夜间电子密度升高现象在研究区中纬以上所有季节都存在，但在向低纬延伸时与赤道异常现象呈互补分布，此强彼弱，反之亦然.（3）白天观测的电子密度，半年异常表现为随纬度升高，两峰值出现时间由春秋季向夏季演变，最终过渡到中纬只有夏季峰值的年变形态；季节异常仅在赤道附近4°范围内出现.夜间观测的电子密度，北纬22°以上、50°以下出现半年异常，22°以下出现季节异常.（4）月均值背景总体上表现为夜间电子密度较白天相对波动更剧烈；其中白天电子密度，分季、夏季较冬季波动更剧烈，赤道异常区较中纬区波动更剧烈；夜间电子密度，在所有时、空上波动水平大致相当.（5）研究区电离层背景时空变化特征较为复杂，数据波动亦随时空有变化，对电离层相关科学问题的研究需关注数据背景的分析.综合这些结果及与其他同期观测数据的比较结果，我们认为ZH-1卫星原位电子密度观测数据的相对变化与其他数据集一致.同时，研究区背景数据也呈现了以往研究中未被发现的特征.ZH-1卫星观测数据具有一致的地方时和观测地点，为电离层相关科学问题的系统性研究提供了一个很好的数据集.
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关键词:
- ZH-1(CSES)卫星 /
- LAP载荷 /
- 电子密度原位观测数据 /
- 电离层背景 /
- 时空特征
Abstract:Topside ionospheric background distribution and its seasonal variations over China and its adjacent areas, e.g. 0°-54°N and 70°-140°E, are studied using the in situ electron density (Ne) measurements obtained by the LAP payload on board the ZH-1 (CSES) satellite. Results are as followings:(1) Regularities consistent with results from previous studies are shown on the latitudinal extension, longitudinal distribution, and seasonal variations of the EIA (Equatorial Ionization Anomaly) phenomenon in the study area. (2) In the mid-latitude regions, there is a relative low-value zone for the daytime Ne, which shows relative high-value data during nighttime. Nighttime Ne enhancement is shown in all the mid-latitudes for all the seasons when comparing the nighttime and daytime Ne together. The equatorward extension of this phenomenon is in contrast to the poleward extension of the EIA phenomenon; when this phenomenon extends, the EIA shrinks, and vice versa. (3) For the daytime Ne, semiannual anomaly demonstrates a regular pattern, in which the two peaks start in spring and autumn equinoxes at the Equator, then evolve toward the summer solstice with increasing latitude, and finally combine into one summer time peak in mid-latitudes; seasonal anomaly only appears within latitude 4° of the Equator. While for the nighttime Ne, semiannual anomaly appears between latitude 22° and 50°, and seasonal anomaly appears below latitude 22°. (4) The monthly average background of the ionosphere generally shows that the nighttime Ne varies more dramatically than the daytime Ne. For the daytime Ne, observations in both equinoxes and summer solstice vary more violently than that in winter solstice, and observations in EIA regions vary more violently than that in mid-latitude regions. And for the nighttime Ne, observation variations are roughly similar in all seasons and latitudes. (5) Features of the ionospheric background, which fluctuates with time and space in the study area, are relatively complicated, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the ionosphere background and its fluctuations when conducting studies on ionosphere related scientific problems. Based on the above results and comparisons with other simultaneous observations, we believe that the relative variations of the in situ Ne measurements from the ZH-1 satellite are in consistent with that from other datasets. Besides the well-known ionosphere features, some features which were not found in previous studies are found from the ionosphere background in the study area. The in situ Ne measurements from the ZH-1 satellite are a good data source for systematic studies on ionosphere-related scientific problems due to the similar local times and locations of the observations.
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图 1
升降轨连续观测数据随纬度的变化
Figure 1.
Variations of continuous measurements with latitude for both ascending and descending orbits
图 2
2019年太阳活动及地磁活动指数
Figure 2.
Solar activity and geomagnetic activity indices in 2019
图 4
中纬度区白天电子密度逐月均值背景分布
Figure 4.
Distribution of monthly mean background of daytime Ne at mid-latitudes
图 5
不同纬度、经度区电子密度月均值的季节变化
Figure 5.
Seasonal variations of Ne in different latitude and longitude grids
图 6
白天电子密度季节变化随纬度的演化过程(每帧图片上的数字表示所在纬度)
Figure 6.
Evolution of seasonal variation of daytime Ne with latitudes (Number above each frame indicates latitude)
图 7
夜间电子密度季节变化随纬度的演化过程
Figure 7.
Evolution of seasonal variation of nighttime Ne with latitudes
图 8
不同纬度、经度区昼夜电子密度月均值时序曲线对比
Figure 8.
Comparison of monthly average time series between daytime and nighttime Ne in different latitude and longitude grids
图 9
电子密度夜间升高现象空间分布随季节演化过程
Figure 9.
Seasonal variation of the distribution of nighttime Ne enhancement phenomenon
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