Characteristics of Vening Meinesz isostatic gravity anomalies in Tien Shan and surroundings and its dynamic significances
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摘要:
本文基于Vening Meinesz区域均衡模型，通过试验不同参数计算Vening Meinesz均衡补偿深度，将其与CRUST1.0模型给出的莫霍面深度进行拟合，得到适应于天山及邻区的平均补偿深度、"地区性指标"以及区域补偿半径.结合地球重力场模型EIGEN-6C4与地形数据，利用球冠体积分方法进行地形效应、沉积层效应计算和均衡校正，得到了研究区的Vening Meinesz均衡重力异常.结果显示天山及邻区的均衡重力异常幅值在-110~120 mGal之间，表明了天山及周边盆地岩石圈所处于的均衡状态，同时揭示了研究区的壳幔密度分布特征.天山、塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地等块体的地壳垂向形变可能部分地由均衡调整引起，且均衡调整趋势与地面形变测量结果相契合.通过对均衡重力异常成因的解释，从地壳均衡角度分析了该地区复杂的构造背景及其新生代以来的演化历程.
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关键词:
- 天山及邻区 /
- Vening Meinesz区域均衡模型 /
- 均衡重力异常 /
- 均衡状态 /
- 均衡调整
Abstract:Based on the Vening-Meinesz regional isostatic model, we calculate the Vening-Meinesz isostatic compensation depth by adopting different parameters, and fit it with CRUST1.0 Moho depth to obtain mean compensation depth, "degree of regionality" and regional compensation radius around the Tien Shan Mountains. With the Earth's gravitational field model EIGEN-6C4 and the terrain data, we use the sphere-cap integral method to calculate gravity effects of topography, sedimentary layer and isostatic correction, then obtain the Vening-Meinesz isostatic gravity anomalies in the study area. The isostatic anomaly varies between -110 mGal and 120 mGal, demonstrating the isostatic status of the lithosphere in the Tien Shan Mountains and neighboring basins. Moreover, the isostatic anomalies delineate features of the lithospheric density distribution in the study area. Crustal deformations in the Tien Shan Mountains, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin may be partly generated by the isostatic adjustment, and their trend is consistent with the ground deformation measurements. Through investigation of causes for isostatic anomaly variations, the complex tectonic setting of this area and its evolution history since the Cenozoic are analyzed from the perspective of isostasy.
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图 1
天山及邻区的地形与区域大地构造示意图.底图DEM数据源自ETOPO1(www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html)，黑色粗虚线标出了主要沉积盆地的轮廓(Lü et al., 2019)，灰色细实线表示主要断裂(邓起东, 2007)
Figure 1.
Topography map and sketch map of regional tectonics in Tien Shan and surroundings. The DEM data of the base map is derived from ETOPO1 (www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html); The black thick dashed lines mark the outlines of the major sedimentary basins (Lü et al., 2019); The grey thin solid lines indicate the major faults (Deng, 2007)
图 2
点荷载作用下的弹性板弯曲示意图
Figure 2.
Sketch map of the bending of an elastic plate under the point loading
图 4
V-M均衡补偿深度与CRUST1.0给出的莫霍面深度对比. (a) l取值不同时，拟合差随T0的变化曲线；(b) T0=39 km时，拟合差随l变化的曲线
Figure 4.
Comparation of V-M compensation depth and Moho depth of CRUST1.0. (a) Given different values of l, RMS changes with T0; (b) RMS changes with l when T0=39 km
图 5
天山及邻区的CRUST1.0莫霍面深度(a)与V-M均衡补偿深度(b)
Figure 5.
CRUST1.0 Moho depth (a) and V-M model compensation depth (b) beneath Tien Shan and surroundings
图 6
天山及邻区的重力异常及其地形与沉积层重力效应. (a)自由空间重力异常; (b)地形重力效应; (c)布格重力异常; (d)沉积层重力效应; (e)沉积层校正之后的布格重力异常
Figure 6.
The distribution of the gravity anomalies, terrain and sediment gravity effects over Tien Shan and surroundings. (a) Free-air gravity anomaly; (b) Terrain gravity effect; (c) Bouguer gravity anomaly; (d) Sediment gravity effect; (e) Bouguer gravity anomaly after correcting the sediment gravity effect
图 8
天山及邻区V-M均衡重力异常
Figure 8.
Vening Meinesz isostatic gravity anomalies over Tien Shan and surroundings
图 9
天山及邻区的Airy均衡重力异常. (a) Balmino等(2012)的计算结果(数据源自: http://bgi.omp.obs-mip.fr/data-products/Grids-and-models/wgm2012)和(b)本文作者计算结果
Figure 9.
Airy isostatic gravity anomalies over Tien Shan and surroundings. (a) Airy isostatic gravity anomalies are calculated by Balmino et al.(2012) (from http://bgi.omp.obs-mip.fr/data-products/Grids-and-models/wgm2012) and (b) by authors of this paper
图 10
10~100 km深度范围的S波速度结构(横波速度数据源自文献Lü et al., 2019). (a), (b), (c)和(d)分别为剖面S1-N1, S2-N2, S3-N3和W-E；(e)剖面位置；剖面图上方红色实线表示V-M均衡重力异常; 下方的黑色实线表示V-M均衡补偿深度；箭头表示地壳均衡调整方向
Figure 10.
Vertical cross sections of shear wave velocity structures in depths of 10~100 km (shear wave velocity data is derived from Lü et al., 2019). Sections S1-N1, S2-N2, S3-N3 and W-E are shown in (a), (b), (c) and (d), and their locations are shown in (e); V-M isostatic gravity anomaly profiles are shown in the upper panel with red lines, where black lines drew in the lower panel indicate the V-M isostatic compensation depths, and the arrows indicate isostatic adjustment orientations
表 1
按Kelvin函数给出的弹性板弯曲曲线
Table 1.
The bending curve of an elastic plate according to Kelvin function
r z(r) 0 b 0.5l 0.8551b l 0.6302b 1.5l 0.4219b 2l 0.2577b 2.5l 0.1409b 3l 0.0651b 3.5l 0.0204b 3.915l 0 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2
当T0=39 km时V-M均衡补偿深度与CRUST1.0莫霍面深度差异统计
Table 2.
Statistics of differences between V-M compensation depth and Moho depth of CRUST1.0 with T0=39 km
l Max (km) Mean (km) Min (km) RMS (km) 20 19.85 -0.44 -17.05 ±4.62 40 18.26 -0.42 -16.32 ±4.32 60 16.62 -0.39 -15.70 ±4.11 80 15.39 -0.34 -15.06 ±4.01 100 14.52 -0.29 -14.12 ±3.96 105 14.76 -0.27 -13.86 ±3.96 110 15.00 -0.25 -13.59 ±3.96 120 15.44 -0.22 -13.03 ±3.97 140 16.26 -0.16 -12.05 ±4.01
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