A method for estimating GNSS instrumental biases and its application based on a receiver of multisystem
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摘要:
随着全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite Systems，GNSS）的不断发展，中国地区单个GNSS接收站在一个时刻可以接收到超过30颗GNSS卫星的信号，这为单站GNSS硬件延迟估算方法的研究提供了有利条件.本文首先通过GNSS硬件实验，分析了不同温度条件下GNSS系统硬件延迟的变化特征，研究结果显示：当温度快速变化时，硬件延迟变化比较剧烈，变化幅度可达12.53 TECU（1 TECU=10 16el·m-2）；在恒温条件或室温条件下，硬件延迟变化比较缓慢，变化幅度在1.00 TECU左右.在GNSS系统硬件延迟实验的基础上，充分利用单站多星观测的特点，提出了一种基于单站多系统的GNSS硬件延迟的估算方法——单站三角分解与差分消元法，并将该方法应用于河北保定站2015-2017年GNSS系统硬件延迟的求解中.通过对估算的GNSS系统硬件延迟进行分析显示：单站三角分解与差分消元法具有计算速度快、独立性好的特点；在北斗系统上硬件延迟的求解效果优于GPS、GLONASS系统，硬件延迟求解的结果整体上比利用欧洲定轨中心全球电离层地图校正的结果大2.50~3.00TECU左右；同时，该方法在消除GNSS系统硬件延迟后，获得的垂直总电子含量（Total Electron Content，TEC）能较好地反映电离层TEC的周日变化、日出增强、半年变化、年变化和春秋分不对称性等特征.
Abstract:With the development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the signal from more than 30 satellites of GNSS can be caught by a receiver in China at a time, which will provide conveniences for estimating instrumental biases of GNSS system. In this paper, instrumental biases of GNSS system have been firstly analyzed under different temperature conditions. The results show that instrumental biases are changed with the rapid change of temperature and the variation of instrumental biases can reach 12.53 total electron content unit (TECU, 1 TECU=1016el·m-2). Furthermore, the change of instrumental biases is slow and about 1.00 TECU under constant or room temperature. Based on the above experiments of instrumental biases, we have proposed a method of estimating GNSS instrumental biases for a receiver of multisystem. The method is named Triangle Decomposition and Difference Elimination (TDDE) method for single station and applied in analyzing GNSS data in Baoding during 2015-2017. Our analysis shows that TDDE is advanced in speed and independence for solving instrumental biases. The result obtained by TDDE in BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is better than that in GPS and GLONASS. Meanwhile, the instrumental biases corrected by TDDE are 2.50~3.00 TECU larger than those adjusted by Global Ionosphere Maps from Center for Obit Determination in Europe. In addition, the vertical TEC corrected by TDDE can clearly present diurnal variation, sunrise enhancement, semi-annual and annual variations, and equinoctial asymmetry of ionosphere TEC.
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Key words:
- GNSS /
- Instrumental biases /
- Ionosphere /
- Total electron content
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图 2
河北保定站的位置和2016年1月1日GNSS卫星在400 km高度上观测轨迹的分布
Figure 2.
The geographical location of HBBD station and trace of observation points at the height of 400 kilometers for GNSS on January 1, 2016
图 3
环境温度从-5°到25°条件下GNSS系统硬件延迟的变化
Figure 3.
The change of receiver bias with the change of environmental temperature from －5 ℃ to 25 ℃
图 5
在室温条件下两台零基线GNSS接收机测量的斜TEC和斜TEC差分的变化
Figure 5.
The distribution of slant TECs (top) and their difference (bottom) obtained from two receivers of zero baselines at room temperature
图 6
单站多系统的GNSS硬件延迟估算方法(单站三角分解与差分消元法)流程图
Figure 6.
The Flow chart of GNSS instrumental biases estimation based on a receiver of multisystem (triangle decomposition and difference elimination method for single station)
图 7
五种不同算法在估算GNSS硬件延迟过程中所使用的频率分布
Figure 7.
The frequency distribution of five methods in estimating GNSS instrumental biases
图 8
单站三角分解与差分消元法(虚线)和CODE-GIM校正法(实线)估算GNSS硬件延迟对比
Figure 8.
The results of GNSS instrumental biases estimated by triangle decomposition and difference elimination method for single station (dash line) and CODE-GIM correction method (solid line)
图 9
单站三角分解与差分消元法和CODE-GIM校正法估算GNSS硬件延迟之间的误差
Figure 9.
The differences of GNSS instrumental biases estimated by triangle decomposition and difference elimination method for single station and CODE-GIM correction method
图 10
单站三角分解与差分消元法(蓝色)和CODE-GIM校正法(红色)消除GNSS系统硬件延迟后获取的电离层垂直TEC
Figure 10.
The vertical TEC measured by triangle decomposition and difference elimination method for single station (blue) and CODE-GIM correction method (red)
图 11
单站三角分解与差分消元法消除GNSS系统硬件延迟后获取的电离层垂直TEC分布
Figure 11.
The distribution of vertical TEC measured by triangle decomposition and difference elimination method for single station
表 1
基于IRI模式的单站垂直TEC范围约束
Table 1.
The range of vertical TEC values restrained by IRI Model at a station
TECVIRI model(TECU) 单站TECV范围(TECU) [0, 50] [0, 80] [50, 100] [0, 150] [>100] [0, 2×TECVIRI model] 
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