Research of the long-term gravity change pattern related to Chile earthquake via GRACE RL05 data
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摘要:
利用GRACE卫星重力可对地震引起的大范围重力变化进行观测，并从重力数据中发现主要的变化特征.发生于2010年的MW8.8智利地震震级较高，可观测到震中附近广泛的同震和震后长期重力变化.本文基于GRACE RL05 Level-2时变重力场数据，对2010年智利地震的同震和震后长期变化进行了计算.对同震变化的计算发现，智利地震引起的同震变化极值达-5 μGal，而本文为减小水文信号的干扰而采用的3年平均的方法可以获得良好的效果.在对震后重力变化的计算中发现，智利地震震后在2011—2016年间的重力变化存在先增大后逐渐衰减的过程.对震后变化的拟合表明，智利地震震中附近有约1μGal的震后重力变化，震后变化的特征时间约1.1年.同时，在智利地震中未出现较明显的两个震后变化阶段（短期、长期）.
Abstract:Large scale gravity change related to earthquakes could be observed by GRACE satellite gravity data and the changing patterns could be recognized. Co-seismic and post-seismic gravity change could be observed close to the epicenter of the MW8.8 Chile earthquake in 2010. This paper calculated the co-seismic and post-seismic gravity change of the 2010 Chile earthquake based on the GRACE RL05 Level-2 time-variable gravity data. From the co-seismic result, we discovered that the co-seismic maximum gravity change reached -5 μGal. Our method of reducing the disturbance of water mass change by calculating the 3-year average before and after the earthquake performed well. From the post-seismic result, we observed that the gravity change from 2011 to 2016 having a first increase then decrease pattern. The fitting to the post-seismic change revealed that the post-seismic gravity change is about 1μGal close to the epicenter, and the characteristic time is about 1.1 year. The Chile earthquake didn't show a typical post-seismic change of two terms (short and long).
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Key words:
- Chile Earthquake /
- GRACE /
- Post-seismic gravity change
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图 1
计算2010年MW8.8智利地震同震重力变化所使用的GRACE数据的月份分布，从左至右依次为对应年度的1—12月
Figure 1.
The distribution of the month of data used in calculating the co-seismic gravity change of 2010 MW8.8 Chile earthquake. January to December is marked from left to right
图 2
智利地震的同震变化(前后两年平均)
Figure 2.
The co-seismic gravity change of Chile earthquake (based on two-year average method)
图 4
智利地震同震重力变化及水文影响分析
Figure 4.
Co-seismic gravity change of the Chile earthquake and the hydrological interference
图 3
不同时长的GRACE数据平均做差得到的智利地震同震重力变化
Figure 3.
The co-seismic gravity change of Chile earthquake calculated based on averaging and differencing of different time length of data
图 7
最佳拟合曲线的选择.灰色区域的数值或不存在或高于2×10-6，故略去
Figure 7.
Choosing the best-fitting curve. The error of the grey area is greater than 2×10-6 or no data is available, therefore neglected
图 8
对比三次典型俯冲带大地震的GRACE同震重力变化结果
Figure 8.
Comparison of GRACE co-seismic gravity change of the three major earthquakes
图 9
智利地震单参数重力变化拟合
Figure 9.
The fitted gravity change of the Chile earthquake based on one parameter
图 10
智利地震短期震后变化最佳拟合时间
Figure 10.
The best-fitting time of the short-term post-seismic gravity change of the Chile earthquake
图 11
智利地震双参数拟合重力变化
Figure 11.
The fitted gravity change of the Chile earthquake based on two parameters
图 12
位错理论计算的智利地震总震后重力变化
Figure 12.
The total post-seismic gravity change of the Chile earthquake based on dislocation theory
表 1
智利地震的同震正负极值观测结果
Table 1.
The observation result of the co-seismic maximum gravity change of Chile earthquake
研究者 正极值 负极值 对称性 数据 滤波方法 Heki和Matsuo(2010) 无 -4 μGal 无 GRACE RL04 扇形滤波 周新等(2011) 2 μGal -5 μGal 有 GRACE RL04 300 km高斯 本文 2 μGal -5 μGal 有 GRACE RL05 330 km高斯 
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表 2
俯冲带大地震的同震正负极值观测结果
Table 2.
The observation result of the co-seismic maximum gravity change of the major earthquakes
地震 正极值/μGal 负极值/μGal 对称性 2004年苏门答腊地震 6 -11 有 2010年智利地震 2 -5 有 2011年日本东北地震 2 -5 有
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表 3
位错理论计算使用的地球模型参数(基于CRUST 2.0地球层状模型)
Table 3.
The parameter of model used in calculation based on dislocation theory (based on CRUST2.0 model)
深度(km) 密度(103 kg·m-3) P波波速(km·s-1) S波波速(km·s-1) 黏滞度(1019Pa·s) 0~0.5 2.10 2.50 1.20 ∞ 0.5~21 2.70 6.00 3.50 ∞ 21~43 2.85 6.40 3.70 ∞ 43~65 3.10 7.10 3.90 ∞ 65~6371 3.45 8.00 4.60 1.0
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