Joint inversion of gravity-magnetic-seismic data of a typical profile in the China Sea-Western Pacific area
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摘要:
重-磁-震联合反演是获取地壳结构的重要方法.此次研究，我们主要基于全球最新的水深、重磁异常、沉积物厚度等数据，结合实测地震数据和前人研究成果，分析了中国海-西太平洋地区的莫霍面展布特征，并利用重磁震联合反演方法获得了跨越中国海-西太平洋典型剖面的地壳结构和异常体分布，揭示了陆壳到洋壳的典型变化规律.结果表明，从浙江地区到马里亚纳俯冲带，地壳结构大致呈现由厚到薄、由老到新、由复杂到简单的特征.浙江地区（扬子块体和华夏块体）地壳结构复杂，三层结构明显，地壳内断裂带发育，并伴有广泛的岩浆侵入；东海地区莫霍面起伏剧烈，地壳厚度变化较大，冲绳海槽地壳明显减薄，是其过渡壳性质的体现；西菲律宾海盆、九州-帕劳海脊、帕里西维拉海盆、马里亚纳俯冲带等构造单元地壳结构相对简单，二层结构明显.其中，西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆地壳内部磁异常变化较为剧烈，海盆扩张过程中形成的磁异常体分布广泛，地壳厚度（5~8 km）明显小于陆壳；九州-帕劳海脊地壳厚度可达~20 km，缺失中地壳，表现为岛弧地壳结构；同源的西马里亚纳岛弧和东马里亚纳火山弧地壳结构相似，浅层磁异常体分布广泛，西马里亚纳岛弧地壳厚度（~17 km）略小于东马里亚纳火山弧（~20 km），体现了裂离的不对称性；马里亚纳海槽具有正常的洋壳结构（~7 km），但扩张中心未发生明显破裂.对比各构造单元地壳结构的异同点，我们进一步认识到，陆壳与洋壳之间不是孤立的，陆壳可能会演化出洋壳的结构或组分，板块的演化总是处于动态循环过程中.此研究加深了我们对中国海-西太平洋深部构造特征的整体理解，促进了我们对大陆边缘演化与板块相互作用的认识，深化了我国管辖海域及邻近地区的基础地质调查.
Abstract:The joint inversion of gravity-magnetic-seismic data is an important method to acquire the crustal structure. In this study, we analyse the Moho depth, the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution of a typical profile in the China Sea-Western Pacific area based on the latest bathymetric, gravity and magnetic anomaly, sediment thickness, measured seismic data and previous works. It reveals that the crust becomes thinner, younger and simpler from Zhejiang to the Mariana subduction zone. In Zhejiang area (including the Yangtze and the Cathaysia blocks), the crustal structure is complex and three-layered, in which, extensive magmatic intrusion bodies are distributed along the fault zones. In the East China Sea, the Moho depth and the crustal thickness change violently. Especially the Okinawa Trough, features the thinner and transitional crust. In the West Philippine Basin, the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, the Parece Vela Basin and the Mariana subduction zone, the crustal structure is simple and two-layered, and the magnetic anomalies change severely due to the wide distribution of abnormal bodies which were formed during the spreading period. The crustal thickness of the West Philippine Basin and the Parece Vela Basin (~5~8 km) are thinner than that of the typical continent, whereas the crust of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge has a thickness of~20 km and shows the nature of the arc, which is absent of the middle crust. In the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, the magnetic abnormal bodies formed during the spreading of the West Philippine Basin and the Parece Vela Basin. The West Mariana Arc and the East Mariana Volcanic Arc have similar crustal structure, in which the magnetic abnormal bodies distribute widely at the shallow depth. It indicates that they originated from the same arc. The crustal thickness of the West Mariana Arc (~17 km) is thinner than that of the East Mariana volcanic Arc (~20 km), suggesting the asymmetric splitting or spreading of the arc. The Mariana Trough has a normal oceanic structure (~7 km) and there is no obvious rupture in the spreading center. According to our research, we suggest that the continental crust is not isolated from the oceanic crust, and could transform into the oceanic crust. The plate evolution is always in the process of dynamic cycle. This study strengthens our understanding about the deep tectonic features of the China Sea-Western Pacific, the continental margin evolution and the plate interaction profoundly.
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图 1
中国海—西太平洋地区构造纲要图
Figure 1.
The tectonic outline in the China Sea-Western Pacific area
图 2
重力场反演莫霍面埋深流程图(Bai et al., 2014)
Figure 2.
The flow chart of Moho depth inversion based on the gravity field (Bai et al., 2014)
图 4
浙江地区典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演结果及解释
Figure 4.
The gravity-magnetic-seismic joint inversion and interpretation for the typical profile across Zhejiang area, in which the magnetic fitting curve 4a, the gravity fitting curve 4b, the velocity profile for reference 4c and the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution 4d are shown, respectively. The single numbers in 4c and 4d denote the velocity (km·s-1) and density respectively, whereas the numbers (e.g., 0.003/0/0/0) in 4d denote the induced magnetization, residual magnetization, inclination and declination of the abnormal bodies, whose units are cgs, A·m-1 and degree, respectively
图 5
东海地区典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演结果及解释
Figure 5.
The gravity-magnetic-seismic joint inversion and interpretation for the typical profile across the East China Sea, in which the magnetic fitting curve 5a, the gravity fitting curve 5b, the velocity profile for reference 5c and the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution 5d are shown, respectively. The single numbers in 5c and 5d denote the velocity (km·s-1) and density respectively, whereas the numbers (e.g., 0.003/0/0/0) in 5d denote the induced magnetization, residual magnetization, inclination and declination of the abnormal bodies, whose units are cgs, A·m-1 and degree, respectively
图 6
西菲律宾海盆典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演结果及解释
Figure 6.
The gravity-magnetic-seismic joint inversion and interpretation for the typical profile across the West Philippine Basin, in which the magnetic fitting curve 6a, the gravity fitting curve 6b, the velocity profile for reference 6c and the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution 6d are shown, respectively. The single numbers in 6c and 6d denote the velocity (km·s-1) and density respectively, whereas the numbers (e.g., 0.003/0/0/0) in 6d denote the induced magnetization, residual magnetization, inclination and declination of the abnormal bodies, whose units are cgs, A·m-1 and degree, respectively
图 7
九州—帕劳海脊典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演结果及解释
Figure 7.
The gravity-magnetic-seismic joint inversion and interpretation for the typical profile across Kyushu-Palau ridge, in which the magnetic fitting curve 7a, the gravity fitting curve 7b, the velocity profile for reference 7c and the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution 7d are shown, respectively. The single numbers in 7c and 7d denote the velocity (km·s-1) and density respectively, whereas the numbers (e.g., 0.003/0/0/0) in 7d denote the induced magnetization, residual magnetization, inclination and declination of the abnormal bodies, whose units are cgs, A·m-1 and degree, respectively
图 8
帕里西维拉海盆典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演结果及解释
Figure 8.
The gravity-magnetic-seismic joint inversion and interpretation for the typical profile across Parece Vela Basin, in which the magnetic fitting curve 8a, the gravity fitting curve 8b, the velocity profile for reference 8c and the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution 8d are shown, respectively. The single numbers in 8c and 8d denote the velocity (km·s-1) and density respectively, whereas the numbers (e.g., 0.003/0/0/0) in 8d denote the induced magnetization, residual magnetization, inclination and declination of the abnormal bodies, whose units are cgs, A·m-1 and degree, respectively
图 9
马里亚纳俯冲带典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演结果及解释
Figure 9.
The gravity-magnetic-seismic joint inversion and interpretation for the typical profile across Mariana Subduction Zone, in which the magnetic fitting curve 9a, the gravity fitting curve 9b, the velocity profile for reference 9c and the crustal structure and abnormal bodies distribution 9d are shown, respectively. The single numbers in 9c and 9d denote the velocity (km·s-1) and density respectively, whereas the numbers (e.g., 0.003/0/0/0) in 9d denote the induced magnetization, residual magnetization, inclination and declination of the abnormal bodies, whose units are cgs, A·m-1 and degree, respectively
表 1
多道地震采集参数
Table 1.
Parameters of the multichannel seismic acquisition
气枪总容积(in3) 震源工作压力(psi) 道间距(m) 接收电缆道数 放炮间距(m) 记录长度(s) 1300 2000 12.5 120 50 12 
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表 2
各岩性及地层层位密度值表
Table 2.
The density of various lithology and layers
层位或岩性名称 海水层 沉积层 中酸性火山岩 密度(g·cm-3) 1.03 2.3~2.6 2.55~2.75 层位或岩性名称 上地壳 中地壳 下地壳 上洋壳 下洋壳 地幔 密度(g·cm-3) 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.78 2.9 3.22~3.33
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表 3
东海地区钻井岩芯磁化率、剩磁、密度值统计表
Table 3.
Magnetic susceptibility, remanent magnetization and density of the drilling cores in the East China Sea
岩性 磁化率
(×10-6 CGS)剩磁
(×10-3A/M)沉积岩 泥岩 12 0 粉砂岩 11 0 砂岩 14 0 中粗砂岩 16 0 火成岩 酸性火成岩 凝灰岩 28 0 凝灰角砾岩 47 0 花岗岩 104 19 中性火成岩 安山质角砾岩 750 122 安山岩 400 457 花岗闪长岩 12 0 基性火成岩 玄武岩 1150 2241 变质岩 片麻岩 0 0
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表 4
浙江地区岩石磁化率统计表
Table 4.
Magnetic susceptibility of the rocks in Zhejiang area
岩石类型 磁化率(×10-6 CGS) 岩类 地层 岩石名称 变化范围 常见值 沉积岩 第四系-震旦系 砂、砾、粘土、各种泥岩、砂岩、砾岩、页岩、灰岩等 0~200 ≤50 侏罗系 砂岩、粉砂岩 10~2600 200 泥灰质砂砾岩 5~2000 100 火成岩 新第三系 玄武岩 150~2900 1150 辉绿岩 40~5600 1660 老第三系 玄武岩 16834 白垩系 玄武质凝灰砂砾岩 1600 安山质凝灰砂砾岩 3040 安山玢岩 4416 玄武岩、玄武玢岩 2231~1750 流纹岩 20~980 40 凝灰岩 0~390 30 侏罗系 凝灰岩 0~5400 150~300 流纹岩 10~700 65 安山岩 14~2800 430 中酸质火山岩 0 晶屑熔凝灰岩 800 流纹岩、流纹斑岩 1000 英安质凝灰岩 2000 安山岩类 31781 玄武玢岩 600~4500 流纹岩 931 凝灰熔岩 2157 侵入岩 燕山期 花岗岩 9~2145 1500 闪长岩 1276~4240 2150 石英闪长岩 8500~39000 石英斑岩 0~2600 130 变质岩 陈蔡群 斜长角闪岩 990 混合岩化黑云母斜长片麻岩 248 石英岩 255
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