Coupling between the dynamic processes at depth and geologic processes on the surface of the Longmenshan thrust belt
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摘要:
发生在地球浅层的2008年汶川地震驱动了龙门山及前陆地区的地表同震垂向位移.根据冲断带-前陆盆地弹性挠曲模型理论，在进行弹性挠曲模拟反演的基础上，结合对深部地球物理特征（泊松比、电性结构）的分析，发现龙门山前陆盆地现今岩石圈有效弹性厚度（Te）具有自东向西逐渐减薄的趋势，自川中地区的30~40 km减至龙门山地区的10~20 km.在对晚三叠世以来前陆盆地各阶段盆地结构进行刻画的基础上，进行弹性挠曲模拟反演，推断龙门山前陆盆地的前渊地区（四川盆地西部）岩石圈的Te值自晚三叠世以来具有逐渐减薄的趋势.这可能与松潘-甘孜地块下方广泛存在的软流圈热物质对四川盆地西部岩石圈下部的长期加热而导致的熔融有关，反映了地球深部动力学过程与地球表层盆地演化之间的耦合关系.
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关键词:
- 弹性挠曲模型 /
- 龙门山前陆盆地 /
- 汶川地震同震垂向位移 /
- 有效弹性厚度 /
- 深部动力学过程
Abstract:The 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake triggered the coseismic vertical displacements on the surface of the Longmenshan and foreland region. Based on the theory of elastic flexure model for thrust belts and foreland basins, this study conducted elastic flexure modeling for inversion of deformation data. Combining with the study on the deep geophysical characteristics (Poisson ratio, electrical structure), we determined the spatial distribution features of the effective elastic thickness (Te) in the Longmenshan foreland basin:the Te decrease from east to west, its values in the western Sichuan basin (10~20 km) are obviously smaller than the middle Sichuan basin (30~40 km). Based on the theoretical elastic flexure model and the structure of the Longmenshan foreland basin since Late Triassic, the changing trend of Te was inverted. It has decreased in the foredeep (the western Sichuan basin) of the Longmenshan foreland basin since Late Triassic. This change may be related with the long-term fusion in response to heating of the asthenosphere matter under the Songpan-Garzê block, and reflects the coupling relationship between the dynamic processes of earth's deep interior and the surface evolution of the basin.
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图 1
青藏高原东缘地貌图
Figure 1.
Geomorphologic map along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau
图 2
汶川地震同震隆升量与同震沉降量分布图(据Yan et al., 2016修改)
Figure 2.
Coseismic uplift and subsidence triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (modified from Yan et al., 2016)
图 3
汶川地震同震垂向位移三维图
Figure 3.
Three-dimensional plot of coseismic vertical displacements triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
图 4
龙门山前陆盆地同震地表垂向位移与弹性挠曲模拟曲线对比
Figure 4.
Comparison between measured coseismic vertical displacements and titting curves of elastic deflection in Longmenshan foreland basin
图 5
龙门山冲断带-前陆盆地地形剖面与Te剖面、泊松比剖面和大地电磁二维反演结果对比
Figure 5.
Comparison of topographic profile, Te profile, Poisson ratio profile and electrical structure model in the Longmenshan thrust belt and foreland basin
图 6
横跨龙门山的S波速度剖面CD(左图)及剖面位置(右图) (引自Wang et al., 2010)
Figure 6.
Vertical section ofS wave images along the Longmenshan CD (left) and locations of the section (right) (after Wang et al., 2010)
图 7
岩石圈有效弹性厚度与前陆盆地形态耦合关系模式图
Figure 7.
Model of coupling relationship between lithospheric effective elastic thickness and morphology of foreland basin
图 8
四川盆地上三叠统-全新统残留地层厚度等值线图(据郭正吾等, 1996; 李勇等, 2007; Yan et al., 2015修改)
Figure 8.
Contours of residual stratum thickness of upper Triassic-Holocene in Sichuan basin (after Guo et al., 1996; Li et al., 2007; Yan et al., 2015)
图 10
大地电磁和长周期大地电磁二维反演电阻率模型(引自Wang et al., 2014)
Figure 10.
Resistivity model derived from two-dimensional inversion of MT combined LMT data (from Wang et al., 2014)
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